Why are the ‘professions’ paid so much? Because they are
worth it, of course. They have the knowledge that allows us to function in our
complex modern world. Doctor’s maintain our health, lawyers settle our disputes
and arrange contracts, teachers teach and so on. However, most of the
professions are knowledge based and a recent book asserts that their days are
numbered, as are their high salaries.
I listened to a panel of speakers discussing the book, The Future of the Professions, this week
in Oxford. Both authors were present and both had the surname Susskind - at
first I thought that they were brothers though they looked very different. Both
handsome men, one of them reminded me of Frankie Vaughan and the other Freddy
of the Dreamers, in other words very, very different. It was only when the thin,
bearded one called the broad-featured one Dad that I got it.
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| Illustration by Norwegian cartoonist and illustrator, Kristian Hammerstad, from “Rise of the Robots,” a New York Times Sunday Book Review article, May 11, 2015. |
Their book was praised, criticised and analysed by three
academics: one from the Internet world, another from the religious dimension
and the third a sociologist. The latter was the most critical; she quoted the
use of MOOCs, the free on-line courses where only 5% of those who started
actually completed the courses. The authors’ response was that enrolment for one
of Harvard’s MOOCs attracted more applicants than the total number of students
of Harvard – ever. So 5% completion of a free course was pretty good.
The authors were both cogent and convincing, arguing that it
is wrong to look only at jobs in the professions – the jobs should be broken
down into tasks. They cited the example of the tasks that nurses now do that
doctors previously did. But their main point is that technology is creating
solutions that are superior to those offered by the professions and that this
trend will continue. Expert systems could soon be better at diagnosis than the
GP and could also be programmed to be empathetic. Similarly, lawyers cannot
access and process the vast databases of trials and case law at the speeds and
scope that a clever computer can. They cited a simple and existing example:
millions of disputes about transaction on eBay are now settled via its
resolution system with no lawyers involved.
I think that they are right, particularly where the tasks
are simply knowledge based – as many professional tasks are. Progress in this
direction will be spotty, but could be rapid. The NHS already has an online
symptom checker. I’ve tried it. It is very basic and does not even link to the
patient’s records, but when it does so, and when it incorporates AI and access
to the massive amount of data on treatments, it is likely to exceed the
competence of the average GP with his or her salary of £100,000 per annum.
There are problems of course: ownership of data being one
and culpability in the event of incorrect diagnosis being another. But these
problems exist for the existing doctors too and it is conceivable that future
automated solutions may have greater access to data and hence provide superior diagnoses.
Sometimes a little voice in my head says to me, “haven’t we
heard all this future gazing stuff before? Long before, perhaps in the 1970s,
when the computer was going to take over almost everyone’s jobs and robots the
remainder”. That did not happen, or at least not to the extent that some
soothsayers then claimed. But in the meantime technology has made great
strides: computers are so much more powerful and have the capability to learn;
the Internet and Web provide an undreamed of degree of interconnectivity; and
the means of sharing and intelligently mining vast databases has become
feasible. So maybe we are on the brink of a great change which will
revolutionise the professions.
Interesting isn’t it that this revolution will rock the well paid
professionals, possibly leaving the artisans, creative artists, bricklayers and
so on to carry on as before.
As I finished writing this I had need to approach a
solicitor for advice and was shocked by
their charges – almost £300 per hour! Roll on automation and a more equitable
world.
The idea for the book emerged from a tour. Last year I began
planning a new Oxford guided walk based on the history of the Dictionary and
became so fascinated by the story that I decided to write about it. Of course
there are already plenty of books on the subject so why write another? Simple –
they are all four course dinners and mine is just a snack. So, just as the
concise version of the Dictionary reduces twenty hefty volumes of the second
edition to one handy book, my book compresses the story of its development into
a slim volume that you can read in an hour or two.